Scientists at MIT discovered that intelectin-2, a carbohydrate-binding lectin expressed in human gut cells, can simultaneously enhance the mucus protective layer and bind bacteria displaying specific sugar molecules, such as galactose, on their surfaces. This dual functionality traps bacteria, hindering their growth and contributing to mucosal defense. Observations indicate that bound bacteria gradually disintegrate, implying membrane disruption as a bactericidal mechanism, effective even against antibiotic-resistant strains.
The protein’s role in reinforcing barrier integrity while directly neutralizing pathogens presents promising opportunities for therapies targeting gastrointestinal disorders like inflammatory bowel disease. While initially identified for its structural similarity to intelectin-1, which recognizes microbial carbohydrates, intelectin-2's antimicrobial functions have now been experimentally substantiated, advancing understanding of innate immune defenses in mucosal environments.
Source & further reading
A protein found in the GI tract can neutralize many bacteria ↗Source published 2026-01-13. This report was prepared with AI assistance from the linked primary-source material. Claims and limitations should be checked against the original announcement or research.